圖書館於1957年（民國四十六年）本所成立籌備處時設置迄今，現配合政府組織改造併於中醫典籍組。主要任務提供所內研究員所需之學術研究文獻資源，同時也對所外大眾提供學術服務，掌理中醫藥歷史典籍之研究、整理、編纂及編印、中醫藥研究資源之建置與推廣、中醫藥期刊之編輯發行，及其他有關中醫藥典籍之研究事項。
圖書館位於本所四樓，館藏主題包括：中醫藥典籍、中醫基礎醫學研究、中藥及天然物研究、中醫臨床醫學研究等。收錄有關中文（含大陸及台灣）、西文、日文等相關研究資料，館藏中有1,500種以上的期刊（含紙本及電子）以及12,000餘冊的圖書、參考書、碩博士論文、電子書、等，另特別設有本所出版品區及特色館藏區以收藏展示相關圖書。
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This library provides specialized information resources on Chinese medical science. The main purpose of this library is to support the researchers in the institute, and provides archive, exhibition, education, and also informative services. We serve our fellow workers mainly, but it’s also open to public who are interested in Chinese medical science.
The general collection area stores books in Chinese, English, and Japanese.
The low bookshelves around the central area store the hardcover, classic books of Chinese medicine, and also the important reference books, like herb pharmacopeia, herb illustration, and kinds of dictionaries.
There’s a special area behind the low bookshelves for NRICM publications, storing the books, journals, and annual reports published by NRICM. They are mainly the research results in Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese medicine, and Chinese medical history, etc.
About journal resources, the library provides online electronic database mainly, like China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CJFD), and Chemical database (Reaxys). They can be used anywhere in the institute, or the computer in our library.
The exhibition area now are recent NRICM publications, including the books about biological resources from the educational herb garden, research compilation of Chinese herbal medicine in educational herb garden, the biography of Dr. Tsung-Ming Tu, the pioneer of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and also a serial of e-learning materials which introduce Chinese medical concept in common clinical diseases or symptoms to teach public how to prevent and do the self-care.
